Soil sampling design: how many samples do you actually need?
Sample count follows from your confidence level and minimum detectable difference - not from a fixed ratio. What stratification changes, and what it cannot.
What soil carbon MRV actually costs - and what cannot get cheaper
Verification usually takes 25–50% of a soil carbon project's budget. Across 8,845 ha of ESA pilots, stratified sampling brought it to 4.1% of credit revenue.